The research below explores the complex relationship between Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and strabismus, a common ocular condition characterized by eye misalignment. Drawing on both animal and human studies, the review highlights how prenatal alcohol exposure disrupts retinoic acid metabolism, a key factor in the development of extraocular muscles and cerebellar function. These disruptions help explain the higher prevalence of strabismus among children with FASD, reinforcing the importance of early screening, interdisciplinary assessments, and preventative education for families and professional
Reflection for FASD Instructional Coaches
This research underscores how interconnected brain and body systems are when it comes to prenatal alcohol exposure. The findings remind us that FASD cannot be viewed only as a “hidden disability” of behaviour and cognition—it also carries physical and medical implications, such as eye health. For educators and those supporting children with FASD, this reinforces the importance of holistic understanding: challenges in learning or attention may be compounded by vision difficulties that go unnoticed. It also speaks to the need for strong collaboration across health, education, and family systems. Ultimately, the study is a call to broaden our perspective, ensuring that supports for children with FASD address the full scope of their developmental and health needs, not just the visible or most immediate concerns.